Dr. Hab. Ansgar Lyssy (University of Leipzig)

Abstract

In the preface to the Codex Iuris Gentium (1693), Leibniz famously claims that the three principles of Roman law govern all forms of justice: honeste vivere (live honorably), neminem laedere (do not harm others), and suum cuique tribuere (give each his due). But while the Roman principles are rather secular in origin and express civic virtues, Leibniz gives these principles a distinct hierarchical and theological interpretation, understanding honestas as the superior principle of these and as a principle of piety, from which general human and particular civic virtues can be derived. In this presentation, I will discuss this politico-theological notion of honestas in Leibniz’ writings, drawing on a wide range of sources. My claim is that honeste vivere means acting in accordance with universal rational charity, which derives its normative power from the divine will and contains all subsequent virtues. Honestas is both the superior ethical principle based on divine justice, and the superior political virtue. Since the human state is modeled on the City of God, political virtue and utility converge; hence a rational government should conform to divine justice not only because it is an ethical obligation, but also because it is in its practical interest.